Source
of historical report | Type |
Retrocalc. |
Sort, |
Comment: sort, place | Retrocalc. | Dev:
yrs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ugarit | T | 17. Jun -1218 | 0% | « 14h || T. Mars↑, 12h» | 4. Jul. -856 | +408-16d | |
†Patroclos ↓Troia | T | Solst. -420uc | T | « Noon, Karatepe? » | 4. Jul. -856 | +408-16d | |
L. Tarrut. ~-20auc | S | 15. Jun -762 | V | « 62% || 93%: Rome » | 30. Apr. -462 | +300 | |
Babylon, sun dark | S | 15. Jun -762 | 80% | « || R: Babylon » | 14. Jun. -393 | +369 | |
Antimachus | S | 25. Jun. -744 | 54% | « A. of.Theos || A. of Colophon » | 17. Feb. -477 | +267 | |
Rom Founded | S * | 21. April -752 | T | « Rome, 'Pariliae' » | 22. Apr. -350 | +402 | |
† Romulus 37. | S | 17. Jul. -708 | T | « T: Rome, Troop review, Mars » | 15. Aug. -309 | +401 |
|
Almagest:1 Mardok | M | 19. Mar. -720 | T | «dT=21650 || dT=15770» | 6. Mär. -366 | +354-13d | |
2 Mardokempad | M | 8. Mar. -719 | >25% | « 12% || 68% » | 23. Feb. -365 | +354-13d | |
2 Mardokempad | M | 01. Sep. -719 | >50% | « 50% || T » | 9. Aug. -365 | +354-13d | |
Maximus Thyrus | R | 27. Jun. -660 | R | « T: Clazomenae » | 14. Aug -309 | +351 | |
Archilochus | T | 6. Apr. -676 | T | « 9-10 h || T: noon » | 16. Aug. -309 | +338 | |
Psammetrich | T | 30. Sep. -609 | 40% | « T: Baltic || T. Assiut » | 16. Sep. -255 | +354-13d | |
Halys, Herodot | T | 28. May -584 | T | « T: forenoon » | 5. May -229 | +355 | |
Chaldäer (Hipp) | M | 22. Sep. -508 | 30% | « Äquinox, ~24h; 191ce -345j» | 24.Sep. -154 | +353 | |
Sardis, Lykia | T | 17. Feb. -477 | 80% | «|| spring, morning T: » | 6. Apr. -126 | +351 | |
Salamis | T | 2. Oct. -479 | 58% | « || T: Salamis » | 7. Sep. -124 | +355 | |
35.Artaxerxes I. (II.?) | S | 11. Apr. -368 | R | « Babylon » | 6. März -77 | +354 -13d | |
Thukydides | T * | 3. Aug. -430 | R | «80% || T:Athens, morn., Stars» | 8. May -72 | +358 | |
Thukydides | S | 21. May -423 | V | «60%, yr.8 || P: begin Summer» | 28. May -60 | +363 | |
Thukydides | M | 27. Aug. -412 | M | « yr 18 Pelopon. War || » | 7. Dez -55 | +357 | |
Xenoph: Peisander | S | 14. Aug. -393 | P | « Boeotia, crescent || » | 21. Aug -49 |
+354-13d | |
Plutarch: Pelopidas | S | 13. Juli -363 | P | « 80% || sunrise 57% » | 31. Jul. -39 |
+354-13d | |
Ennius ~350auc | S * | 20. Mar. -403 | T | « Rome, Nono Iuni » | 2. June -9 | +394 | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 11. Apr. -368 | 43% | « sunrise || 9h 87% » | 7. Apr. -23 | +345 | |
†Philipp Macedon | S | 4. Jul. -335 | 79% | «T: Egypt || Pella» | 21. Jun. 19 | +354 -13d | |
Gaugamela | M * | 20. Sep. -330 | T | «Ecl. +Jupiter↓ +Saturn↑» | 7. Sep. 24 | +354 -13d | |
Babylon | S | 6. Oct. -330 | T | «predict 4 m. after sunset» | 21. Sep. 24 | +354 -13d | |
2.Phil. Arrhidaios | S | 26. Sep. -322 | 20% | «3° before sunset || » | 12. Sep. 33 | +354 -13d | |
1.Antiochus | S | 30. Jan. -281 | 20% | «9h || » | 5. Jan. 75 | +354 -13d | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 31. Jan. -253 | 30% | «14h || » | 27. Dez. 102 | +354 -13d | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 4. Mai -248 | 70% | «12h || » | 21. Apr. 106 | +354 -13d | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 6. Jun. -194 | 25% | «4h after sunrise || » | 23. Mai 160 | +354 -13d | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 14. Mar. -189 | 40% | «2h after sunrise || » | 28. Feb. 165 | +354 -13d | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 28. Jul. -169 | 33% | «80min before sunset || » | 4. Jul. 186 | +354 -13d | |
Livy XXXVII.4 | S | 17. Jul. -187 | T |
« P: 5 Id.Jul, Rom 50%
» |
4. Jul. 167 | +354 -13d | |
Hipparch | S * | 20. Nov. -128 | T | « T. Hellespont, ⅘ Alexandria » | 4. Sep. 164 | +354 | |
Hipparch | S * | 7. Sep. -124 | T | « T. Xantos, Massilia » | 19. Feb. 174 | +354 | |
Hipparch | M | 20. Sep. -163 | T | « T. Alexandria 23h » ?? | 20. Sep. 191 | +354 | |
Hipparch | M | 20. Sep. -171 | T | « T. Alexandria » | 20. Sep. 210 | +354 | |
Cuneiform Tab. | S | 15. Apr. -135 | T | «T:Babylon MeVeMaJ↑ S↓» | 2. Apr. 219 | +354 -13d | |
Publ. Africanus | S | 10. July -189 | T | « T. Rom» | 1. Jun. 113 | +302-46d | |
Livius XXXVII.4 |
S |
11. July -189 |
T |
«quintum idus Quinctiles² » |
11. Jul. 133 |
+300 |
|
Plutarch: Pydna | M | 22. Jun. -167 | T | « Summers end, 4.9.? » | 6. May 133 | +300-46 | |
Zama-Battle | S | 19. Oct. -201 | 10% | « T. Karthago » | 11. April 153 | +354 | |
Julius Obsequens | S | 19. Jul. -103 | R |
Julius O. lived in 4th cy. A.D.: | 3. Jun. 197 |
+300 -46d |
|
Julius Obsequens | S | 29. Jun. -93 | R | 3 eclipses separated 10 + 30 yrs | 14. May 207 |
+300 -46d |
|
Julius Obsequens | S | -59 ? |
X | || evening » | 12. Apr. 237 | +300 | |
Augustus' dead | S | <18. Aug. 14 ?? | V | || R: Nola/Naples » | 27. Jul. 306 | +292 | |
Phlegon | S | 202. Olympiad | T | || R. Rome/Alexandria » | 17. Jul. 334 | +297 | |
†Agrippina | S | 30. Apr. 59 |
80% | || T: Rome Campania+Armenia» | 15. Mar. 359 | +300 -46d | |
Plutarch (of Athens?) | S | 20. Mar.71 | T | || T. Athens, Chaironaia 13h | 19. Jul. 418 | +354 -7yr | |
Pliny Elder (trad.+7yr) |
S+M | 20. Mar.71 | 30% | «Lun. Ecl.+15d» Vespasian 3.Co | 16. Jun. 364 | +293 +7yr | |
†Nerva 27.1.98? | S | 21. Mar. 98 | 15% | || Rome » |
20. Nov. 393 | +295 | |
Hadrian & Sal. | S | 3. Sep. 118 | T | || T: Rome » |
19. Jul. 418 | +300 -46d | |
Proclus IV,98 |
S | 4. Sep. 164 | R | || R: Rome » | 20. Jul. 464 | +300-46d | |
Elias Nisibis | S | 14. Jan. 484 | T |
† Peroz: Battle at Herat | 14. Jan. 484 | +0 | |
Vita Gordianorum | ST |
6. Aug. 240 | 65% | || T: Rome » | 20. Jun. 540 |
+300 -46d | |
Cons. Const. 291 | S | 4. May 292 |
75% | || R: Constantinople » | 4. Oct. 590 |
+299 | |
Theophilact Simoc. | S | 4. Oct. 590 | R | « R: Constantinople » | 4. Oct. 590 | +0 | |
Kopt. Ostracon 38 | S | 10. Mar. 601 | T | « T: Alexandria » | 10. Mar. 601 | +0 | |
Cons. Const. 318 | S | 6. May 319 |
85% | || R: Constantinople » | 4. Nov. 617 |
+299 | |
Aurelius Victor | S | 6. May 319 |
X | « 317 || R: Pannonia, sunrise » | 4. Nov. 617 |
+300 | |
Stephan Alex. | S | 4. Nov. 617 | R | « R: Constantinople » | 4. Nov. 617 | +0 | |
Theophanes | S | 6. Jun. 346 | T | « T: Alexandria || T: C'nople » | 5. Nov. 644 | +298 | |
Theophanes | S | 9. Oct. 348 | 70% | « || 90% C'nople » | 21. Apr. 646 | +298 | |
Zosimus 6.9.394 |
S |
20. Nov. 393 |
T |
|| 95% at Frigidus » |
5. Oct. 693 |
+300 -46d |
|
Pappos of Alexandria | S | 18. Oct 320 | X | || 35% Alexandria » |
4. Okt. 674 | +354 -13d | |
Theon of Alexandria |
S |
16. Jun. 364 |
V |
« Baltic (!) || T: Alexandr. » |
3. June 718 |
+354 -13d |
|
Theon of Alexandria | M | 21. Mai 365 | T | « ||19h.Alx; Mond 28° » | 8. May 719 | +354 -13d | |
Chron Gallorum 418 | S |
17. May 421 | 40% |
« || T. Rome 80% » | 3. Jun. 718 | +300 | |
Ann. Lundin. 448 | ST |
23. Dec. 447 | 80% |
« || T: London » | 1. Sep. 753 | +307 | |
Hydatius | ST | 19. Jul. 418 | T | « T: Portugal » | 3. Jun. 718 | +300 -46d | |
Hydatius | S | 22. Dec. 447 | T | « || 70% Portugal » | 7. Nov. 747 | +300 -46d | |
Hydatius | M | 4. Sep. 451 | 81% | « || T: » | 31. Jul. 752 |
+301 | |
Hydatius | M | 2. Mar. 462 | P | « || T: » | 4. Jan. 763 |
+301 | |
M. Neapolitanus | ST |
14. Jan. 484 | U |
« invisible at Athens || T: Crete » | 3. Apr. 786 | ~301 | |
C. Indicopleustes | S | 6. Feb. 547 | 40% | « || 12. Mechir, Alexandria » | 24. Mar. 852 | +305 | |
Bede 1.5.664 [ref.DE] | S | 3. May 664 | T | « T: England » | 8. May 664 | +0 | |
Agapius, Syria | S | 29. Apr. 534 | T | « T: Antiochia » | 14. Mar. 834 | +300 -46d | |
Gregory of Tours | S |
3. Oct. 563 | 60% |
« Mid Aug.|| R: South. France » | 18. Aug. 863 |
+300 -46d | |
Gregory of Tours |
M | 18. Sep. 563 | 58% |
|| 20% 'nec quarta pars' ? » | 3. Aug. 863 | +300 -46d | |
Gregory of Tours |
M | 11. Dec. 577 | 64% |
|| T:'in nigridinem conv.' » | 20. Apr. 878 | +301 | |
Gregory of Tours | S | 4. Oct. 590?? |
65% | || R: Central France + Raqqa » | 8. Aug. 891 |
+301 | |
†Muhammed | S | 27. Jan 632 | 77% | « 28 Shawwal, 9h Mecca » | 27. Jan 632 | +0 | |
Michael the Syrian | S | 14. May 812 | T | « T: Athens / Syria » | 14. May 812 | +0 | |
Theophanes Chr. | S | 4. May 813 | T | « 97% Constantinople » | 4. May 813 | +0 | |
Ann.Fuldenses | S | 12. May 841 | T | « 'Day before Ascension'» | 5. May 840 | -1 | |
Cont.Reg.Trevirensis | S |
17. Mai. 951 | T |
« T: Sonnwende: Sterne 4. Std. » | 17. Mai. 951 | +0 |
|
Leo Diaconus, K'nopel | ST |
22. Dec. 968 | T |
« T: Stars, Solstice: 4. hour » | 22. Dec. 968 | +0 |
|
Beda [Eqin.fix=21.3.] |
S ° |
8. May 670 |
T |
« 5 Nones » |
'3. May' 970 |
+300 |
|
Bede: Moore manuscr |
S ° |
14. Aug. 733 |
90% |
« almost total » |
29. June 1033 |
+300 -46d |
Abbreviations:
S= Solar eclipse, T= Total solar ecl., R= Ring-shaped solar eclipse, U=
Unreal, no match ;
V= visible only with eye-protection if eclipse was expected; X= No
matching event; M= Moon eclipsed
*) Anchor records matching location, date and hour
²) The Livius date is 'five days before the Ides of July' (3 leap days?).
°)
This
unique pair of eclipse
dates matches retrocalculation - referring to the year of Christ's passion. The
dates of Bede may have undergone a correction for the new moon day.
References:
Historical
reports:
Demandt,
Alexander: Verformungstendenzen in der Überlieferung antiker
Sonnen- und Mondfinsternisse
[Deformation-tendencies (!) within the tradition of antique solar and
lunar eclipses],
Mainz 1970, (Akademie der
Wissenschaften und der Literatur).
R. Gautschy, Eclipsecitations: www.gautschy.ch/~rita/archast/solec/eclipsecitations.pdf
Ginzel, F. K.: Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie Bd II + III, 1914 http://www.archive.org/stream/handbuchdermathe02ginzuoft#page/522 http://www.archive.org/stream/handbuchdermathe03ginzuoft#page/n5
Modern
retrocalculation:
Espenak,
Fred: Solar Eclipse Atlas:
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEatlas/SEatlas.html